Hot water extract of Pleurotus pulmonarius stalk waste enhances innate immune response and immune-related gene expression in red hybrid tilapia Oreochromis sp. following challenge with pathogen-associated molecular patterns

In aquaculture, commercial fish such as red hybrid tilapia are usually raised at high density to boost the production within a short period of time. This overcrowded environment, however, may cause stress cultured and increase susceptibility infectious diseases. Antibiotics chemotherapeutics used by farmers overcome these challenges, but this cost. Studies have reported on potential mushroom polysaccharides that can act immunostimulants enhance immune response disease resistance in fish. current study, hot water extract (HWE) from stalk waste (MSW) was formulate feed hence administered observe activation system. Upon 30 days feeding, were challenged with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) lipopolysaccharides (LPS) polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)) mimic bacterial viral infection, respectively. HWE supplementation promoted better utilisation although it did not body weight gain specific growth rate compared control diet. The innate immunological parameters phagocytic activity respiratory burst significantly higher HWE-supplemented group than following PAMPs challenges. diet also resulted mRNA transcription il1b tnfa midgut, spleen head kidney 1-day post injection. Tlr3 exhibited highest upregulation fed injected poly (I:C). At 3-days injection, both ighm tcrb expression upregulated kidney. Results showed enhances responses induced serum bactericidal against S. agalactiae.